Search results for " Traffic"
showing 10 items of 384 documents
Ions channels/transporters and chloroplast regulation.
2015
International audience; Ions play fundamental roles in all living cells and their gradients are often essential to fuel transports, to regulate enzyme activities and to transduce energy within and between cells. Their homeostasis is therefore an essential component of the cell metabolism. Ions must be imported from the extracellular matrix to their final subcellular compartments. Among them, the chloroplast is a particularly interesting example because there, ions not only modulate enzyme activities, but also mediate ATP synthesis and actively participate in the building of the photosynthetic structures by promoting membrane-membrane interaction. In this review, we first provide a comprehen…
Vessel noise pollution as a human threat to fish: assessment of the stress response in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, Linnaeus 1758)
2016
This study examined the effects of boat noise pollution on the stress indices of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, Linnaeus 1758). To assess the stress response in these fish, biometric values and plasma parameters such as ACTH, cortisol, glucose, lactate, haematocrit, Hsp70, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and osmolarity were analysed. After acclimatization of the animals, the experiment was carried out in a tank fitted with underwater speakers where the fish were exposed to sound treatments (in duplicate) consisting of: 10 days of no sound (control treatment; the animals were only exposed to the experimental tank’s background noise) and 10 days of noise derived from original re…
Studying illegal online trades in plants: market characteristics, organisational and behavioural aspects, and policing challenges
2020
AbstractIllegal commerce in plants and their derivatives threatens and destroys numerous species and important natural resources, and may cause phytosanitary and health problems. This illegal trade, which has been boosted by the commercialisation of the Internet, has been relatively overlooked in criminological research. Furthermore, the policing of illegal plant markets remains limited and poorly resourced, with law enforcement agencies lacking awareness and technical capacity in investigation and prosecution services. Based on semi-structured interviews with law enforcement officers and other relevant experts, this study, developed in the context of the ESRC-funded project “FloraGuard: Ta…
Systematic analysis of specific and nonspecific auxin effects on endocytosis and trafficking.
2021
Abstract The phytohormone auxin and its directional transport through tissues are intensively studied. However, a mechanistic understanding of auxin-mediated feedback on endocytosis and polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters remains limited due to contradictory observations and interpretations. Here, we used state-of-the-art methods to reexamine the auxin effects on PIN endocytic trafficking. We used high auxin concentrations or longer treatments versus lower concentrations and shorter treatments of natural indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and synthetic naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) auxins to distinguish between specific and nonspecific effects. Longer treatments of both auxins interfere wi…
Plasma membrane protein trafficking in plant-microbe interactions: a plant cell point of view
2014
International audience; In order to ensure their physiological and cellular functions, plasma membrane (PM) proteins must be properly conveyed from their site of synthesis, i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum, to their final destination, the PM, through the secretory pathway. PM protein homeostasis also relies on recycling and/or degradation, two processes that are initiated by endocytosis. Vesicular membrane trafficking events to and from the PM have been shown to be altered when plant cells are exposed to mutualistic or pathogenic microbes. In this review, we will describe the fine-tune regulation of such alterations, and their consequence in PM protein activity. We will consider the formatio…
End-to-end congestion control protocols for remote programming of robots, using heterogeneous networks: A comparative analysis
2008
There are many interesting aspects of Internet Telerobotics within the network robotics context, such as variable bandwidth and time-delays. Some of these aspects have been treated in the literature from the control point of view. Moreover, only a little work is related to the way Internet protocols can help to minimize the effect of delay and bandwidth fluctuation on network robotics. In this paper, we present the capabilities of TCP, UDP, TCP Las Vegas, TEAR, and Trinomial protocols, when performing a remote experiment within a network robotics application, the UJI Industrial Telelaboratory. Comparative analysis is presented through simulations within the NS2 platform. Results show how th…
Density Flow in Dynamical Networks via Mean-Field Games
2016
Current distributed routing control algorithms for dynamic networks model networks using the time evolution of density at network edges, while the routing control algorithm ensures edge density to converge to a Wardrop equilibrium, which was characterized by an equal traffic density on all used paths. We rearrange the density model to recast the problem within the framework of mean-field games. In doing that, we illustrate an extended state-space solution approach and we study the stochastic case where the density evolution is driven by a Brownian motion. Further, we investigate the case where the density evolution is perturbed by a bounded adversarial disturbance. For both the stochastic a…
Survey of Cyber Threats in Air Traffic Control and Aircraft Communications Systems
2018
Air traffic control systems based on the ADS-B standard have been widely adopted in civil aviation to the point that they are now considered the de facto standard. ADS-B provides major benefits to airports and airlines by increasing the safety of air traffic management and control and allowing more flights to travel near busy airports. However, the ADS-B technology lacks sufficient security measures. The ADS-B system is vulnerable and exposed to cyberattacks. We survey the potential known threats and attacks against ADS-B and assess the potential cybersecurity threats to air traffic management and control. The widespread use of ADS-B and the lack of security features in it, i.e., all the AD…
Cholesterol trafficking and raft-like membrane domain composition mediate scavenger receptor class B type 1-dependent lipid sensing in intestinal epi…
2018
IF 5.547; International audience; Scavenger receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a lipid transporter and sensor. In intestinal epithelial cells, SR-B1-dependent lipid sensing is associated with SR-B1 recruitment in raft-like/ detergent-resistant membrane domains and interaction of its C-terminal transmembrane domain with plasma membrane cholesterol. To clarify the initiating events occurring during lipid sensing by SR-B1, we analyzed cholesterol trafficking and raft-like domain composition in intestinal epithelial cells expressing wild-type SR-B1 or the mutated form SR-B1-Q445A, defective in membrane cholesterol binding and signal initiation. These features of SR-B1 were found to influence bo…
Angiotensin II and leukocyte trafficking: New insights for an old vascular mediator. Role of redox-signaling pathways.
2019
Abstract Inflammation and activation of the immune system are key molecular and cellular events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension-induced target-organ damage, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is the main effector peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system. Beyond its role as a potent vasoconstrictor and regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis, Ang-II is intimately involved in the development of vascular lesions in cardiovascular diseases through the activation of different immune cells. The migration of leukocytes from circulation to the arterial subendothelial space is a crucial immune response in le…